The heat is on! 

In this simple thermal energy experiment, students will explore the process of conduction and insulation by observing the transfer of heat energy between household items. 

How Heat Transfer Experiments Show Conduction

Conductors (like metal) are materials that let electrons move freely and thus allow heat to be transferred easily. Insulators (like wood) are materials that do not allow electrons to move freely and therefore block the transfer of heat. This experiment allows middle school-age students to get hands-on in a safe environment to watch the process of conduction and insulation using 3 materials:

• Metal
• Wood
• Plastic

Students will use warm water to heat up the materials, and armed with their knowledge of the Scientific Method, determine which material conducts heat best. 

What You Will Need

The best way to use this activity is in science class as students work individually or in pairs. However, it can also be assigned as homework with parental supervision. Each student or group of students should have their own copy of this resource as they work on the heat transfer activity.

To perform this experiment with your students, each group will need the following supplies:

• 3 small bowls
• hot water
• 1 wooden spoon
• 1 metal spoon
• 1 plastic spoon
• 1 butter knife 
• butter
• 3 wooden beads
  

Students will observe how easily the wood beads fall off the spoons as the butter melts as a reaction to the heat transfer from the water to the metal, wood, and plastic spoons. They’ll be able to identify which of the spoons acts as a conductor and which acts as an insulator. 

Take The Experiment Further

Students can choose three other objects to experiment on and predict which would be the better thermal conductor.

For students who are struggling to understand the concept, it may be helpful to display different examples of conductors and insulators on the board and review what each is before starting the activity.

Before You Download

Use the drop-down menu to choose between the Google Doc or Google Slides version. 

---

This resource was created by Gabriela Perez, a teacher in Texas and a Teach Starter Collaborator.

---

Looking for more great science activities to use in the classroom? Your students are going to love these: